Log4py 学习笔记

Python 日志模块 logging 简介

logging分为4模块：loggers,handlers,filters,and formatters.

  • loggers: 提供应用程序调用的接口
  • handlers: 把日志发送到指定的位置
  • filters: 过滤日志信息
  • formatters: 格式化输出日志

    Logger

      Logger.setLevel()       # 设置日志级别
  Logger.addHandler()     # 增加日志处理器
  Logger.removeHandler()  # 删除日志处理器
  Logger.addFilter()      # 增加过滤器
  Logger.removeFilter()   # 删除过滤器
  # 创建不同级别的日志
  Logger.debug()    # DEBUG
  Logger.info()     # INFO
  Logger.warn()     # WARNING
  Logger.warning()  # WARNING
  Logger.error()    # ERROR
  Logger.fatal()    # CRITICAL
  Logger.critical() # CRITICAL
  getLogger()获取日志的根实例

    Handler

      Handler.setLevel()     # 设置日志级别
  Handler.setFormatter() # 设置输出格式
  Handler.addFilter()    # 增加过滤器
  Handler.removeFilter() # 删除过滤器

    Formatter

    时间默认形式：%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
    格式为：%()s
格式 说明
%(levelno)s 打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s 打印日志级别的名称
%(pathname)s 打印当前执行程序的路径==sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s 打印当前执行程序名
%(funcName)s 打印当前函数名
%(lineno)d 打印当前行号
%(asctime)s 打印当前时间（升序）
%(created)f 打印当前时间（浮点型，不易读）
%(thread)d 打印当前线程ID
%(threadName)s 打印当前线程名称
%(process)d 打印当前进程ID
%(processName)s 打印当前进程名称
%(message)s 打印日志信息
%(module)s 打印模块名称
%(msecs)d 打印当前时间毫秒数
%(name)s 打印 logger 的名称
%(relativeCreated)d 打印相对于模块加载完成是的毫秒数

Python 日志级别

小于指定级别的日志消息将被忽略。
Logging messages which are less severe than specified level will be ignored.

Level Numeric value
CRITICAL 50 临界
ERROR 40 错误
WARNING 30 警告
INFO 20 通知
DEBUG 10 调试
NOTSET 0 未置

Logging 模块实战

1. 小例子

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# encoding:utf-8
print("log4py testing")
import logging,logging.config

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)# 默认级别：WARNING,WARN,30

log = logging.getLogger()
log.debug("Debug Testing ...")
log.info("Info Testing ...")
log.warn("Warn Testing ...")
log.warning("Warinig Testing ...")
log.error("Error Testing ...")
log.fatal("Fatal Testing ...")
log.critical("Critical Testing ...")

2. 进阶例子

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# encoding:utf-8
print("log4py testing")
import logging
import logging.handlers
import sys

# StreamHandler == ConsoleAppender,输出到流，控制台调试
streamFmt = logging.Formatter('[ %(levelname)-8s ] %(asctime)s.%(msecs)d %(name)s %(message)s','%H:%M:%S')
stream = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
stream.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
stream.setFormatter(streamFmt);

# FileHandler == FileAppender,输出到指定文件 [不追加，用于临时运行调试]
tempFile = logging.FileHandler("tempFile.log",'w')
tempFile.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
tempFile.setFormatter(streamFmt)

# RotatingFileHandler = RollingFileAppender,按指定大小回滚 [追加，长期运行记录]
fileFmt = logging.Formatter('[ %(levelname)-8s ] %(asctime)s %(name)s %(message)s')# 使用默认时间格式
rotateFile = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler("rotateFile.log",'a',10485760,5)# 超过 10M 则分割文件，最多保留5个分割文件
rotateFile.setLevel(logging.INFO)
rotateFile.setFormatter(fileFmt)

log = logging.getLogger()
log.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)# 默认是 WARNING 级别，并且被其他 Handler 继承

log.addHandler(stream)
log.addHandler(tempFile)
log.addHandler(rotateFile)

log.debug("Debug Testing ...")
log.info("Info Testing ...")
log.warn("Warn Testing ...")
log.warning("Warinig Testing ...")
log.error("Error Testing ...")
log.fatal("Fatal Testing ...")
log.critical("Critical Testing ...")

logging.shutdown()# 更安全地退出

3. 配置文件使用说明

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	<< Log4pyConfig.py >>

# encoding:utf-8
print("log4py configuration testing")
import logging,logging.config
# 通过配置文件 [log4py.conf] 设置 log4py 的属性
logging.config.fileConfig("log4py.conf")
log = logging.getLogger()
#log1 = logging.getLogger("stream")
#log2 = logging.getLogger("tempFile")
#log3 = logging.getLogger("rotateFile")
log.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
log.debug("Debug Testing ...")
log.info("Info Testing ...")
log.warn("Warn Testing ...")
log.warning("Warinig Testing ...")
log.error("Error Testing ...")
log.fatal("Fatal Testing ...")
log.critical("Critical Testing ...")
logging.shutdown()

	<< log4py.conf >>

# log4py configuration file

[loggers]
keys=root,stream,tempFile,rotateFile

[handlers]
keys=streamHandler,fileHandler,rotateHandler

[formatters]
keys=streamFmt,rotateFmt

[logger_root]
level=NOTSET
handlers=streamHandler,fileHandler,rotateHandler

[logger_stream]
level=DEBUG
handlers=streamHandler
qualname=stream
propagate=0

[logger_tempFile]
level=DEBUG
handlers=fileHandler
qualname=tempFile
propagate=0

[logger_rotateFile]
level=DEBUG
handlers=rotateHandler
qualname=rotateFile
propagate=0

[handler_streamHandler]
class=StreamHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=streamFmt
args=(sys.stdout,)

[handler_fileHandler]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=streamFmt
args=('tempFile.log','w',)

[handler_rotateHandler]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=rotateFmt
args=('rotateFile.log','a',10485760,5,)

[formatter_streamFmt]
format=[ %(levelname)-8s ] %(asctime)s.%(msecs)d %(name)s %(message)s
datefmt=%H:%M:%S

[formatter_rotateFmt]
format=[ %(levelname)-8s ] %(asctime)s %(name)s %(message)s

4. 字典配置说明

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	<< Log4pyDictConfig.py >>
# encoding:utf-8

import logging,logging.config

print("log4py dictionary configuration")

LOG_DICT= {
	'version':1,
	'loggers':{
		'root':{
			'level':'DEBUG',
			'handlers':['streamHandler','fileHandler','rotateHandler']
		},
		'stream':{
			'level':'DEBUG',
			'handlers':['streamHandler']
		},
		'tempFile':{
			'level':'DEBUG',
			'handlers':['fileHandler']
		},
		'rotateFile':{
			'level':'INFO',
			'handlers':['rotateHandler']
		}
	},
	'handlers':{
		'streamHandler':{
			'class':'logging.StreamHandler',
			'level':'DEBUG',
			'formatter':'streamFmt',
			'stream':'ext://sys.stdout'
		},
		'fileHandler':{
			'class':'logging.FileHandler',
			'level':'DEBUG',
			'formatter':'streamFmt',
			'filename':'tempFile.log',
			'mode':'w'
		},
		'rotateHandler':{
			'class':'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
			'level':'INFO',
			'formatter':'rotateFmt',
			'filename':'rotateFile.log',
			'mode':'a',
			'maxBytes':10485760,
			'backupCount':5
		}
	},
	'formatters':{
		'streamFmt':{
			'format':'[ %(levelname)-8s ] %(asctime)s.%(msecs)d %(module)s %(funcName)s %(message)s',
			'datefmt':'%H:%M:%S'
		},
		'rotateFmt':{
			'format':'[ %(levelname)-8s ] %(asctime)s %(module)s %(funcName)s %(message)s'
		}
	}
}

logging.config.dictConfig(LOG_DICT)
log = logging.getLogger("root")

log.debug("Debug Testing ...")
log.info("Info Testing ...")
log.warn("Warn Testing ...")
log.warning("Warinig Testing ...")
log.error("Error Testing ...")
log.fatal("Fatal Testing ...")
log.critical("Critical Testing ...")

logging.shutdown()

参考网址

http://www.phperz.com/article/16/0120/93998.html
http://blog.csdn.net/fxjtoday/article/details/6307285
http://zeping.blog.51cto.com/6140112/1259065
http://blog.csdn.net/chosen0ne/article/details/7319306

其它相关网址

官方文档
Python时间格式化

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